ELISA
or enzyme linked Immunosorbent assays involve binding of antigens and
antibodies on microtiter plates in presence or absence of an enzyme and the
presence orabsence of antigen or antibody detected using spectrophotometer
readings. ELISA is done in four different ways, direct, indirect, competitive,
and sandwich ELISA. The results are precise and ELISA is therefore the most
important immunological test procedure for infections.
Because
of its accuracy in immunological reactions, the following diseases are
testable:
1.
Poliomyelitis
Commonly
called polio, it is a highly infectious virus disease transmissible from one
person to another but more prevalent in children. There is no cure for the
disease but immunizations have been carried out for decades reducing the
incidences of polio. The main symptoms include stiff neck, vomiting, headache,
fatigue, fever, and pain in the limbs. In extreme cases, it leads to paralysis.
2.
Chagas disease
It
is caused by Trypanasomacruzi
transmitted by insect vectors, the triatomine bugs. The symptoms usually go
unrecognized or asymptomatic but the Romana’s sign, the swelling of the eyelid
is the main symptom of the disease. The most common complications include
abnormal heart rhythms, dilated heart that doesn’t pump blood well and dilated
esophagus or colon.
3.
Diphtheria
An
infectious disease that isn’t prevalent in America, and caused by the bacterium
Corybacteriumdiphtheriae. It is
characterized by a sore throat and a gray coat at the back of the throat. The
bacterial toxin is dangerous and treatment involves use of antitoxins or
antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
4.
Rubella
It
is also called the German measles and it is a contagious virus infection characterized
by a rash, sore throat, and a low fever. The measles-mumps-and Rubella vaccine
offers effective protection from the disease. ELISA assays are used to test the
disease and there is an ELISA test kit specially designed to detect rubella.
5.
Syphilis
It is caused by Treponemapallidum. Syphilis
is a curable disease, but if left untreated, then the complications can cause
dire consequences. The Treponemapallidum ELISA assay
kit is used to test for the disease in patients as it’s seen in this link http://www.mybiosource.com/product.php?name=elisa_kit. It is
sexually transmitted and the symptoms aren’t easily recognizable. You should
however report any lesions on your skin to a medical practitioner to avoid
effects like blindness.
6.
Influenza A
This
disease rarely infects humans but when it does, it is seen to originate
whenhumans inhale air infected by the virus from birds. Contact with surfaces
infected with the avian virus can also result in the disease spreading to
humans. The main symptoms of the disease start from conjunctivitis to lower
respiratory diseases like pneumonia that may require hospitalization. Deaths
have been reported in the worst breakouts.
7.
Mycoplasma pneumonia
This
is a contagious respiratory infection spread via contact with respiratory
fluids. The most common symptom is a dry cough. Most of the reported cases are
mild and generally diagnosed after the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae multiply in the lung tissue. Corticosteroids,
immunomodulatory therapy, and antibiotics are used for treatment.
Other
infectious diseases tested using ELISA kits include mumps, respiratory
syncytial virus, Human Parainfluenza Viruses, measles, Brucella, Aspergillosis,
Amebiasis, Pertussis, schistosomiasis, and Q fever.
Author Bio
Jane Hendricks is a chief pathologist at a
leading hospital. Besides research and disease testing, she loves writing and
surfing. To read learn more about Elisa kit, visit this link http://www.mybiosource.com/product.php?name=elisa_kit
